title: Theories and ideas log description: When a theoretical picture or research ideal about single-layer carbon appears. tags:
- log
- theory
Separate from companies and conspiracies. Dates are first clear documented appearance of the idea, not “the idea became a product.”
| When | Idea | Status | Pages |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late 18th c. | Graphite is elemental carbon, not lead | Well-supported consensus | pre-chemistry |
| 1859 | Graphite oxidized into a lamellar oxide | Well-supported | before-1900 |
| 1947 | Single graphite layer as a calculable electron system | Well-supported theory | 1947 |
| 1960s–80s | Strict 2D crystals vs Mermin–Wagner-type talk | Often over-simplified in pop history | 1963-2003 |
| 1962 / 1986 | Oxide-route monolayers; name graphene | Well-supported | 1962 |
| 2004–2005 | Isolated monolayer on insulator + Dirac-fermion transport | Well-supported experiment | 2004 · 2005 |
| 2007+ | Ideal-monolayer property comparisons as product copy | Pedagogy vs marketing | 2007 |
| 2009+ | Copper CVD as a wafer-scale path | Well-supported process paper; yield still a problem | 2009 |
| 2010s | Graphene replaces silicon | Largely unmet engineering ideal | 2011 · 2012 |
| 2012+ | The device is a van der Waals stack, not a lone FET | Well-supported research program | 2012 |
| 2013+ | Flagship-scale coordinated applications | Well-supported as a program | 2013 |
| 2015 | Holey graphene as molecular stencil on gold | Well-supported method | holey-graphene-molecular-stencil · 2015 |
| 2017 | Shared vocabulary can exist across grades (ISO/TS 80004-13) | Terminology standard, not a certificate | 2017 |
| 2018 | Twist angle as a knob (magic-angle bilayer) | Well-supported physics | 2018 |