title: Glossary description: Short definitions. See-also is the thesaurus. tags:
- guide
- glossary
Parent: Look up. Labels: evidence-labels. ISO wording: iso-vocabulary.
How to read an entry: headword; what it is; see also near-terms; here for the page that uses it.
A
ABC trilayer n. Three graphene sheets stacked rhombohedrally (A-B-C). Not magic-angle bilayer. See also MATBG; moiré. Here 2019.
AIM n. London Stock Exchange junior market. See also ASX; NEEQ; TSX. Here listings.
anomalous Hall crystal n. Electronic crystal with a topological Hall response; 2025 twisted-stack report. See also moiré. Here 2025.
ASX n. Australian Securities Exchange. See also AIM. Here listings.
B
band (exposure) n. A hygiene working range, not an OSHA PEL. On this site the cited figure is often 10 µg/m³. See also PEL; NIOSH. Here effects.
Boehm n. Hanns-Peter Boehm; 1962 reduced-oxide monolayer work; later naming. See also Brodie; graphene. Here 1962.
Brodie n. 1859 oxidation of graphite; ancestor of GO recipes. See also GO; graphite oxide. Here before-1900.
Brillouin zone n. The reciprocal-space cell of a crystal. Graphene Dirac points sit at its K, K′ corners. See also Dirac point. Here 1947.
C
Campra report n. Unofficial 2021 micro-Raman note by Pablo Campra Madrid on a courier vial he said was untraced. University of Almería did not endorse it. Not a peer-reviewed finding of GO in authorized COVID-19 vaccines. See also La Quinta Columna; GO; Fringe. Here 2026-09-16-go-vaccine-5g-claims.
chemtrail GO claim n. Recurring claim that persistent aircraft trails are graphene-oxide sprays, often tied to a vaccine fill and 5G/6G activation. Posts on 7–9 Oct 2026 added no lot assay or altitude sample. See also Campra report; La Quinta Columna; Fringe; GO. Here 2026-09-16-go-vaccine-5g-claims.
CVD n. Chemical vapor deposition. Commonly carbon on copper, then transfer. See also R2R CVD; SiC epitaxy; LPE. Here graphenea.
CSD (cortical spreading depolarization) n. Slow, near-complete depolarization wave across cortex. Flaherty et al., Brain 2026, used graphene transistor arrays to tie waveform shape to perfusion in mouse stroke models. Not a treatment. See also gSGFET; INBRAIN. Here gsgfet-stroke-csd-2026.
D
Dirac point n. Where graphene’s conduction and valence bands touch in a linear cone. See also Brillouin zone; monolayer. Here 1947.
E
eCOphite n. COnovate product: graphene monoxide as an anode additive. Not GO. See also GO; rGO. Here conovate.
entitlement n. A pro-rata share issue. See also SPP. Here raises-2015-2025.
evidence label n. Confidence tag on a claim: Well-supported, Preliminary, Unverified, Fringe. Folder is for browsing; the label is for confidence. See also Fringe; Unverified. Here evidence-labels.
F
f_T n. FET current-gain cut-off frequency. IBM 100 GHz (2010) and 155 GHz (2011) are f_T figures, not phone chips. See also FET Flagship. Here 2011.
FET Flagship n. EU research programme; Graphene named 28 Jan 2013. Here 2013.
few-layer graphene (FLG) n. A few atomic sheets, often about 2–10. See also GNP; monolayer; GR2M. Here iso-vocabulary.
Fractal Graphene Paste n. HydroGraph aqueous dispersion mark, stated at 20 wt% graphene, flowable, shelf life claimed above two years. Company product language, Oct 2026. See also masterbatch; GNP.
Fringe n. A plot-style narrative logged so it does not sit on Science or Medical as fact. See also Unverified. Antonym-ish Well-supported. Here fringe.
G
G+ n. Directa Plus nanoplatelet family (powders, pastes, membranes, GRAFYSORBER). See also GNP; PureGRAPH; GrapheneBlack. Here directa-gplus.
GNP (graphene nanoplatelet) n. A thicker stack sold as “graphene.” See also FLG; monolayer; GR2M.
GO (graphene oxide) n. Oxidized sheets from graphite oxide. Not a 2004 peeled flake. See also rGO; graphite oxide; Brodie. Here form-route.
GO laminate n. Stacked GO that can be helium-tight and water-fast (Nair 2012; Abraham 2017). See also GO. Here 2012.
GR2M n. Graphene-related 2D material; ISO/TS 80004-13:2024 umbrella term. See also graphene; GNP; GO. Here iso-vocabulary.
graphene n. One-atom honeycomb carbon. Name mid-1980s; isolation-and-gate 2004. See also GR2M; graphite; monolayer. Here 2004.
graphene hydroxide n. Not an ISO term. Label used in 2021 videos after the GO-in-vial claim. Not on authorized COVID-19 vaccine ingredient lists. See also GO; Campra report; Fringe. Here 2026-09-16-go-vaccine-5g-claims.
gSGFET n. Graphene solution-gated field-effect transistor. Electrolyte is the gate; channel current reports local potential, including infraslow. CVD graphene on polyimide in the IMB-CNM / ICN2 stack. Not GO. See also CVD; INBRAIN; CSD. Here gsgfet-stroke-csd-2026.
GrapheneBlack n. NanoXplore powder mark. See also PureGRAPH; G+. Here nanoxplore-saint-laurent.
graphite n. The 3D parent crystal. See also graphene; graphite oxide.
graphite oxide n. Bulk oxidized graphite; parent of GO after exfoliation. See also Brodie; GO.
H
hBN n. Hexagonal boron nitride. Used to encapsulate graphene (Dean 2010) and as a tunnel barrier (Britnell 2012). See also TMDC. Here 2010.
holey graphene n. A sheet with engineered holes. See also graphene. Here holey-graphene-molecular-stencil.
I
INBRAIN n. Graphene cortical interface programme; trial NCT06368310. See also Bio-mechanical. Here biomechanical.
ISO/TS 21356-1:2021 n. Structural characterization of graphene from powders and dispersions.
ISO/TS 80004-13 n. Vocabulary. 2017 first edition; 2024 second (GR2M). See also GR2M. Here 2024.
J
JustHeat n. Haydale printed graphene-ink underfloor panel. Install guide: 600 × 530 mm, 62 W at 48 V. See also SETTF; R2R CVD. Here justheat.
K
K-sputtering n. KERI direct-current sputter process reported 27 Sep 2026. Grows aligned graphene through multilayer graphite on a substrate at room temperature, without a transfer heat step. Institute release; not an ISO term. See also CVD; LPE.
L
La Quinta Columna n. Spanish site that commissioned the 2021 Campra courier-vial note. Distribution node for the GO-in-vaccine plot, not a metrology lab. See also Campra report; Fringe. Here 2026-09-16-go-vaccine-5g-claims.
LOOP n. Levidian microwave-plasma unit that splits methane into solid carbon (sold as graphene) and a hydrogen-rich gas. Catalyst-free and water-free on the company description. Sizes named LOOP 20, 60, 100. Not a plasma torch. See also CVD; Sharjah Graphene Park.
LPE n. Liquid-phase exfoliation. See also CVD; mechanical cleavage.
LSG n. Large-area suspended graphene. Few-nanometer free-standing film used as a laser-ion target (Osaka, PTEP, 2 Oct 2026). Proton surfing is the team’s name for the long ride on the moving field. See also graphene; monolayer.
M
magic angle n. Twist (~1.1° in bilayer) where flat bands appear (Cao 2018). See also MATBG; twistronics; moiré. Here 2018.
masterbatch n. Graphene pre-dispersed in a carrier so a plant need not handle dry powder. See also GNP.
MATBG n. Magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene. See also MATTG; TDBG; magic angle.
MATTG n. Magic-angle twisted trilayer graphene. See also MATBG; Pauli limit. Here 2021.
mechanical cleavage n. The 2004 Manchester peel (“Scotch tape”). See also CVD; LPE.
MINIGRAPH n. EIC project (INBRAIN, Nanoflex Robotics, ETH Zürich) on magnetically steered ultra-thin graphene neural probes. 7 Oct 2026 completion press: bench and large animal, not a human implant report. See also INBRAIN; gSGFET. Here gsgfet-stroke-csd-2026.
Mermin–Wagner n. Theorem often mis-used to say free-standing 2D crystals cannot exist. Here 1963-2003.
moiré n. Interference lattice from a twist or a lattice mismatch. See also magic angle; hBN.
monolayer n. One atomic sheet. See also FLG; GNP; graphene.
N
NCT03659864 n. Controlled GO inhalation study (Andrews 2024). Here form-route.
NCT06368310 n. INBRAIN first-in-human cortical interface. Here biomechanical.
NSPP n. Non-thermal atmospheric nanosecond pulsed plasma. Texas A&M / LTEOIL route that grows graphene oxide at a methane–water interface. See also GO; CVD; Hummers. Here nspp-plasma-water-go.
NEEQ n. China over-the-counter board. Sixth Element 831190; 2D Carbon 833608. See also AIM; ASX. Here listings.
NIOSH n. U.S. workplace-sampling body. See also band; PEL. Here effects.
P
Pauli limit n. Conventional cap on in-plane field for spin-singlet superconductivity. A 2021 MATTG report exceeds it. See also MATTG. Here 2021.
PEL n. OSHA permissible exposure limit. The 10 µg/m³ figure on this site is a band, not a PEL. See also band.
Peltyr n. Vector Companies printed heat-flux sensor line launched Sep 2026 using First Graphene PureGRAPH. Thirty-six-month partner agreement; purchase orders are separate. See also PureGRAPH.
Preliminary adj. Evidence label: preprint, company lab, pilot, or company-stated tonnes. See also Well-supported; Unverified.
prepreg n. Fibre already infused with partially cured resin, then laid and cured. Graphene loading is into the resin, not a new fibre. See also PureGRAPH; GNP.
PureGRAPH n. First Graphene nanoplatelet mark. See also G+; GrapheneBlack; Peltyr. Here first-graphene-henderson.
R
rGO n. Reduced graphene oxide. See also GO.
REACH n. EU chemical-registration regime.
R2R CVD n. Roll-to-roll film growth. See also CVD. Here charmgraphene.
S
SETTF n. Haydale Super-Efficient Thermal Transfer Fluid. Partner-test language; Preliminary. See also JustHeat. Here haydale-settf.
Sharjah Graphene Park n. Dana Gas–Levidian manufacturing site in Sharjah. First LOOP 20 commissioned 7 Oct 2026; company states >1 t/yr, next units aimed at >10 t/yr. See also LOOP.
SiC epitaxy n. Heat silicon carbide until silicon leaves and carbon reorders. Van Bommel 1975. See also CVD. Here 1963-2003.
SPP n. Share purchase plan. See also entitlement. Here raises-2015-2025.
superfluid stiffness n. How easily Cooper pairs carry current; 2025 MATBG measurement. See also MATBG. Here 2025.
T
10C n. Charge in about six minutes. GMG cell talk. Here 2026-09-09-gmg-battery-cycling.
TDBG n. Twisted double bilayer graphene. See also MATBG; MATTG. Here 2023.
THERMAL-XR n. GMG graphene-enhanced HVAC-coil coating. Here thermal-xr.
TMDC n. Transition-metal dichalcogenide (MoS₂, WSe₂, …). See also hBN; WSe₂ proximity.
twistronics n. Device physics from a controlled twist. See also magic angle; moiré. Here 2018.
U
Unverified adj. Evidence label: no solid primary. Not automatically Fringe. See also Fringe; Preliminary. Here unsourced.
W
Wallace n. P. R. Wallace; 1947 graphite bands. Here 1947.
Well-supported adj. Evidence label: paper, regulator text, or confirmed order. See also Preliminary.
WSe₂ proximity n. A dichalcogenide layer next to graphene that can stabilize or boost superconductivity in named 2023 papers. See also TMDC; TDBG. Here 2023.
Z
ZenGUARD n. Zentek coating on filter media and PPE. Here zenguard.
ZGNR n. Zigzag-edge graphene nanoribbon. Ruffieux/Cai 2016. Here 2016.